Assignment Set

1. In what way does an array differ from an ordinary variable?
2. Explain how array elements are stored in memory.
3. Differentiate between sorting & searching of array elements.

Board Exam Theory Questions

1. Explain with an example for compile time initialization of 2D array. [2] [072] (Updated)
   2D arrays can be initilized in both the two ways; the compiler time initilization and the run time initilization.
   
   Compiler Time initilicaiton We can initilize the element of the 2D array during compilation time by
   
   int a[2][2] = {{1,2},{3,4}};
   
   Run Time initilizationWe can initilize the element of the 2D array during run time by using loop.
   
   for(i=0;i <2;i++)
   {
   for(j=0;j <2;j++)
   {
   scanf("%d",&a[i][j]);
   }
   }
2. Can we pass whole array element from function? [2] [069] [070] (Updated)
   Yes, we can pass whole array element from function by using the name of the array. Passing arrays to function is passing by reference.
   Since name of the array itself represent the memory address of first element of an array, the address of rest of array element can be calculated by using the array name and the index value of the element.
   
   //Passing array to function
   #include< stdio.h>
   
   void Array(int x[5]); //Function prototype
   
   void main()
   {
   int a[5] = {1,2,3,4,5},i;
   Array(a); //Calling function
   }
   
   void Array(int a[5]) //Called Function
   {
   int i;
   for(i=0;i <5;i++)
   {
   printf("%d\t",a[i]);
   }
   }
   
3. Consider a statement:
   scanf("%s",str); where str is a string variable
   In above statement, why '&' symbol is not used? Can we input string with space in this statement? If not, why? [4] (Updated)
   When we use scanf() to read string, we use the "%s" format specifier without using the "&" to access the variable address because string name itself acts as a pointer to the first variable location. That is the name of the string possesses the memory address of the first element of the string. Therefore, &(address-of) operator is not required while using scanf to scan a string.
   
   scanf(“%s”,str);
   
   In the above code, name of the string (str) returns the memory address of the first element of the string (str) i.e. &str[0].
   
   Next Question String are array of characters and to make the end of the string, C uses the null character (\0) and it is inserted by the compiler automatically at the end of the string. The main drawback of scanf() to use to input string using %s format specifier is that the function terminates as soon as it finds a white space because a null character gets automatically appended on encountering a white space to mark the end of the string.
   
   Therefore when we input string: "Hello World", only the word "Hello" will be stored into the string. Hence, we cannot input string with white space using scanf() and %s format specifier.
   
   To overcome this problem we can use following functions:
   gets(str);
   fgets(str, MAX_LIMIT, stdin);
   scanf("%[^\n]s",str);
4. How two dimensional arrays are created in C programming? [2] [074]
5. What are overflow and underflow errors in context of array? [2] [073]
6. What is a string? [2] [2072]
7. Write down the significance of array in C. [2] [2068]
8. Describe the limitations of using getchar and scanf functions for reading strings. [2] [2067]
9. What are the rules that govern the passing of arrays to user defined functions? [3] [2068]
10. Write a syntax in C-programming with example of stcpy. [2] [2068]
11. Describe how compiler manages according to the number of initializes and size of an array given by a user in case of 1D array. [3] [072]
12. How are one dimensional and two dimensional arrays created in C? Explain with examples. [2+2] [2070]